PDE
117(Formerly 206)
(EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY)
QUESTION 1
(a)
Define the concept of "Educational Technology" (10 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Give
a clear definition of educational technology. The student must understand that it is more
than just gadgets; it’s about applying technology and techniques to enhance
learning.
In-depth
answer:
·
Educational Technology is the systematic application of scientific
knowledge, methods, and tools to improve the process of teaching and learning.
·
Key
points:
o
Involves
media, instructional materials, and modern teaching methods.
o
Enhances
efficiency, understanding, and retention in learners.
·
Example:
Using a projector, animations, and e-learning platforms to teach science
concepts.
(b)
Explain the three (3) different approaches to Educational Technology (15 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Identify
and describe three ways or perspectives of understanding educational
technology.
In-depth
answer:
1. Hardware
Approach –
Focuses on the physical tools or devices used in education.
o
Examples:
Computers, projectors, radios, televisions, smartboards.
2. Software
Approach –
Emphasizes instructional materials and media for learning.
o
Examples:
Textbooks, lesson plans, simulations, e-learning modules.
3. System
Approach – Sees
education as a system where technology improves teaching and
learning processes.
o
Example:
Integrating online learning, classroom instruction, assessment, and feedback
systematically.
Explanation:
·
These
approaches show that educational technology is not only about
gadgets but also methods, media, and systematic planning.
QUESTION 2
(a)
Carefully outline the historical evolution of Educational Technology in Nigeria
What the
question asks:
·
Describe
how educational technology developed over time in Nigeria, highlighting major milestones.
In-depth
answer:
1. Pre-independence
period – Use of
simple visual aids, chalkboards, and books. Limited formal integration of
technology.
2. Post-independence
(1960s–1970s) –
Introduction of radio and television in schools for distance learning.
3. 1980s–1990s – Use of audio-visual aids such as
projectors and overhead transparencies.
4. 2000s to
present –
Integration of computers, internet, e-learning platforms, and multimedia in
formal and non-formal education.
Explanation:
·
Shows
understanding that educational technology evolved from simple to
modern, digital methods in Nigeria.
(b)
Outline the functions of Educational Technology in formal and non-formal
settings (10 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Explain
how educational technology is used in schools and adult/community
learning programs.
In-depth
answer:
1. Enhances
learning and retention – Students understand and remember better using visual and audio aids.
2. Facilitates
teaching –
Reduces teacher effort; lessons become more engaging.
3. Provides
access to information – Non-formal learners can use e-learning, radio, or mobile platforms.
4. Promotes
self-learning –
Students learn independently with instructional media.
5. Encourages
interaction and creativity – Learners engage actively in lessons through multimedia tools.
QUESTION 3
List and
explain any FIVE constraints militating against the development of Educational
Technology in Nigeria and suggest ways of overcoming them (25 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Identify
problems hindering the use of educational technology and propose solutions.
In-depth
answer:
1. Inadequate
funding
o
Many
schools cannot afford computers, projectors, or software.
o
Solution: Increase government and private
sector investment in educational technology.
2. Poor
infrastructure
o
Lack
of electricity, internet, or computer labs.
o
Solution: Provide reliable electricity,
internet connectivity, and functional labs.
3. Lack of
trained personnel
o
Teachers
may not know how to use educational technology effectively.
o
Solution: Organize training and professional
development workshops.
4. Resistance
to change
o
Teachers
may prefer traditional methods.
o
Solution: Sensitize educators on benefits of
technology; provide incentives.
5. Maintenance
problems
o
Equipment
often breaks down due to poor maintenance.
o
Solution: Establish maintenance schedules and
employ technical staff.
QUESTION 4
State
five (5) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of using models in the
classroom (15 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Give
benefits and limitations of using physical or conceptual models in teaching.
In-depth
answer:
Advantages:
1. Enhances understanding of abstract
concepts.
2. Makes learning more concrete and
visual.
3. Stimulates interest and motivation.
4. Encourages active participation.
5. Useful for demonstration in science,
geography, and technical subjects.
Disadvantages:
1. Some models are expensive and not
affordable.
2. May oversimplify complex concepts.
3. Require training to use effectively.
QUESTION 5
Distinguish
between aims, goals, and objectives (12 marks)
What the
question asks:
·
Explain
the difference between broad intentions (aims), specific desired results
(goals), and measurable targets (objectives).
In-depth
answer:
|
Term |
Meaning |
Example |
|
Aim |
Broad statement of intent or purpose |
“To improve science education in secondary
schools” |
|
Goal |
More specific than aim; general direction
or outcome |
“Increase students’ understanding of
physics concepts” |
|
Objective |
Measurable, precise, achievable targets |
“By the end of the term, 80% of students
will score at least 70% in physics practical tests” |
Explanation:
·
Aims are general; goals are specific but still broad; objectives are concrete and measurable.
✅ Tips for Answering
PDE-117 Exam Questions:
1. Use
headings and subheadings – clearly separate definitions, functions, advantages, etc.
2. Provide
examples –
especially for applications of educational technology.
3. Be
concise but thorough – marks are often awarded for clarity, not volume.
4. Link
theory to practice
– always relate technology to teaching and learning situations.