Problem-Focused
Educational research is carried out to solve specific problems in teaching and learning. It starts with identifying an issue or challenge in education and then investigates ways to understand or improve it.
Example: A researcher notices that students in rural schools perform poorly in mathematics. The study is designed to find out the causes of this problem and suggest effective teaching strategies to improve learning outcomes.-
Systematic
Educational research follows a step-by-step process. It does not happen by chance but involves a planned approach from identifying the problem to collecting and analyzing data.
Example: A study investigating the effects of using flashcards to improve vocabulary will begin by reviewing past studies, choosing a research method, collecting data from students, and then analyzing the results in an orderly way. -
Empirical
This means the research is based on real-life evidence, such as observations or experiments, rather than just theories or personal opinions. Data must be collected and used to support conclusions.
Example: A teacher tests two different methods of teaching reading by applying them in two different classes and then comparing the students' performance based on their test scores. -
Generalizable
Findings from educational research are meant to be applicable to other similar situations or settings. While the research may be done in a small group, the results should help improve education in other places too.
Example: If a study in a secondary school in Abuja finds that using group work improves science learning, other schools across Nigeria might try the same strategy with the expectation of getting similar results.
